Diagnosis: The first step in treating an oral cyst is an accurate diagnosis. This involves a thorough examination of the patient’s medical and dental history, along with clinical and radiographic assessments. Imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs help determine the size, location, and nature of the cyst. A definitive diagnosis is essential for planning an appropriate and effective treatment strategy.

Treatment Options:

1. Surgical Removal (Cystectomy): Surgical removal is the most common and effective treatment for oral cysts. This procedure, known as cystectomy, involves the complete excision of the cyst and its associated tissues. The extent of surgery depends on factors such as the size and type of the cyst, as well as its proximity to vital structures like nerves or adjacent teeth.

2. Marsupialization: In cases where the cyst is large and removal in a single procedure may pose risks, marsupialization may be considered. This technique involves creating an opening in the cyst wall and allowing drainage while leaving a portion of the cyst in place. Over time, the remaining cyst tissue may shrink, making subsequent complete removal more manageable.

3. Enucleation: Enucleation is a procedure in which the cyst, along with its entire encapsulated sac, is removed intact. This approach is often preferred for certain types of cysts to minimize the risk of recurrence.

4. Biopsy: Before or during the surgical procedure, a biopsy may be performed to analyze the cyst’s tissue composition. This helps in confirming the nature of the cyst, whether it is odontogenic, non-odontogenic, or inflammatory. Histopathological examination guides the treatment plan and provides insights into the potential for malignancy.

5. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation: Depending on the size and location of the cyst, reconstructive procedures may be necessary to restore normal oral function and aesthetics. This may involve bone grafting or other techniques to address any structural deficits resulting from cyst removal.